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Roman Matrons' Protest

When Have Women Paid Taxes? The Roman Matrons' Protest of 42 BCE

by Anise K. Strong

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The historical moment that inspired "No Taxation Without Representation."

It is 42 BCE in Rome. You are one of the 1,400 wealthiest women in Rome, most members of prominent families, influential but still legally unable to vote or fully control your own property. You have spent your entire life enduring multiple civil wars and urban violence in which the men of your family fought for power. Now the current leaders of Rome are demanding that women pay taxes to fund their civil war, which for many of you directly targets your husbands and sons and brothers.

Nearly all these women do not want to pay taxes. However, the conflict comes in debating the method of resolution: whether this problem can only be solved by pleading with the wives and daughters of the new rulers of Rome to influence their loved ones, whether women should instead vote to unify together as a group and publicly advocate for policy changes, or whether they should simply resort to violence and assassination of those who oppose them. It is thus a game of how, rather than why, change can be pursued. It also addresses a larger question of what rights women do and don’t have, echoing the original source text of Hortensia’s actual speech: If women cannot vote or serve in public office, why should they have the responsibilities of citizenship but not the rights? How or whether should one resist an increasingly autocratic regime? How much do you risk one’s personal safety for the greater good?

ABOUT THE GAME

Details

Disciplines
Classics/Classical Antiquity, Conflict & War Studies, Cultural & Social History, Political Science & Government, Women's Studies, Gender & Sexuality Studies, World History

Sample Class Titles
World History to 1500, Roman History, Women's History 

Themes and Issues  
Authoritarianism and Resistance, Gender and Power, War and Survival

Era 
BCE

Geography 
Europe

Notable Roles
Hortensia, Fulvia, Servilla

Notable Sources
Hortensia's Speech in Civil Wars, Appian; Memorable Deeds and Sayings, Valerius Maximus; History of Rome, Livy

Level
Microgame Under Review

Player Interactions
 
Aggressive, Coalition-Building, Competitive, Factional

Mechanics 
Rolling Dice

Chaos and Demand on Instructor 
Medium Chaos; Low Demand on Instructor.

Using the Game

Class Size and Scalability
This game is recommended for classes with 9-35 students.

Class Time
This game is playable in a single session. 

Assignments
Optional letter-writing assignment included, but not required. Not all roles are required to give a speech.

Additional Resources


GAME MATERIALS

Reacting Consortium members can access all downloadable materials below. You will be asked to sign in before downloading.  

Please fill out the Permissions Request Form before using Roman Matrons' Protest  in your class!

Instructor's Manual

The Instructor's Guide includes guidance for assigning roles, presenting the game's context and topics, assignments, and more.  

Role Sheets

Students will need their Role Sheet, which contains biographical information and information on how to play the game.


ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Anise K. Strong

Anise K. Strong is an Associate Professor of History at Western Michigan University, specializing in ancient history, the history of gender & sexuality, and the reception of the ancient Mediterranean in modern media. She regularly uses Reacting to the Past in her courses and teaches an entire course on "Global History Through Games," comparing Reacting to the Past methodologies with historical board games and video games.

QUESTIONS

Members can contact game authors directly if they have questions about using the game. We also invite instructors join our Facebook Faculty Lounge, where you'll find a wonderful community eager to help and answer questions. 


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